A table's permission groups decide which roles can read the table. The Permission Group cell on the table's Columns step narrows that per column: there you choose the groups that can read the column. The groups come from the table's General step, and the admin group always has full access to every column.
Your picks are kept with the rest of your column changes and saved when you apply the step.
The cell reads "No permission groups added to table" and offers Add in General, which takes you to the table's General step. Add the roles there, under Configuration > Permission Groups, and the column's list offers them. The wider access model is on Warehouse permissions and row-level security.
No. The cell offers the groups the table already has and cannot create new ones. Add the role to the table on its General step, under Configuration > Permission Groups, and it becomes available in the cell. See Warehouse permissions and row-level security.
The column reached its limit. A column holds up to 100 groups, and at the limit the remaining groups grey out and cannot be added until you remove one.
Open the cell and untick the group. To clear several at once, use Clear in the list's footer; locked groups stay on the column.
The group is locked for the column: it cannot be removed, and it sorts first among the chosen groups. The list marks it with a lock so you can see it cannot be unticked.
The cell updates as you pick, and the change is an unsaved column edit until the step is applied. The saving flow is on Edit a table's columns.
Hover the cell; a tooltip lists the full selection. You can also open the cell, where every chosen group is ticked.
Yes. Select all at the top of the list takes every group shown in one go.
Yes. Type in Search groups… and the list filters as you type. When nothing matches, it reads "No matches found".